In late October 2023, a coalition of three ethnic armed groups in Shan State launched a coordinated offensive against the ruling military junta, posing the strongest challenge to its rule since the February 2021 coup. A junta spokesperson said its forces were under “heavy assault” as insurgents use drones to bomb military and police outposts in eastern Kayah State, bordering Thailand; western Rakhine State, bordering India; and northern Shan State, bordering China. Amid the expansion of fighting, the United Nations reported over two million civilians have been displaced by the conflict.
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